20 Cyber security refers to the body of technologies, processes, and practices designed to protect networks, devices, programs, and data from attack, damage, or unauthorized access. Cyber security may also be referred to as information technology security. terms
The purpose of this glossary is to allow everyone to be aware of the terms in the fields of cyber security as well as allowing cyber security agents to standardize their vocabulary.
Antivirus software
noun
Software that protects against viruses, Trojans, worms and spyware. Anti-virus software scans files to identify programs that are or could be malicious. The scan identifies: known viruses, previously unknown viruses and suspicious files.
Example: An antivirus software is a big part of the protection of personal data.
fr: Logiciel antivirus
Authentication
noun
Process or measure to verify the identity of a user.
Example: It includes strong AUTHENTICATION and fraud detection capabilities aiming to detect fraudulent transaction at early stages.
fr: Authentification
Authorisation
noun
Access rights granted to a user, program or process.
Example: A Merchant must open an Internet Merchant Account with an Acquiring Bank to enable online credit card AUTHORISATION and payment processing.
fr: Autorisation
Back door
noun
Unregistered means that allows, discreetly or anonymously, remote access to a computer after having bypassed the authentication mechanisms and having given access to the clear text.
Example: After a hacker intrusion, the presence of a back door is highly possible.
fr: Porte dérobée
Bridge
noun
Intermediate system serving as an interface between two computer networks. This could be a server, firewall, router, or other device that allows data to pass over a network.
Example: In simple terms web-services is providing a BRIDGE between the client browser and database that increases the database security.
fr: Passerelle
Confidentiality
noun
Characteristic of sensitive information protected against unauthorized access.
Example: He is the one to decide about the data CONFIDENTIALITY.
fr: Confidentialité
Cyber attack
noun
Use of electronic techniques designed to disrupt, manipulate, destroy or clandestinely examine a computer system, network or device.
Example: Too many companies are a target for cyber attack.
fr: Cyberattaque
DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service)
noun
An attack in which a multitude of compromised systems target the same target. The flow of messages sent is such as to cause a crash of the targeted system and interruption of services offered to legitimate users.
Example: To get past the firewalls, the aunt hacker to do DDoS.
fr: Attaque par déni de service distribué
Digital signature
noun
Cryptographic mechanism used to verify the authenticity and integrity of an item (a document, software).
Example: Its effectiveness and reliability in both encryption and DIGITAL SIGNATURE made it a useful tool in wireless networks.
fr: Signature numérique
Encryption
noun
The process by which information is converted from one form to another in order to conceal its content and prevent access to unauthorized entities.
Example: Public-key ENCRYPTION uses that key pair both for encryption.
fr: Chiffrement
Firewall
noun
A security barrier placed between two networks that controls the amount and types of traffic allowed to pass from one network to another. The resources of the local system are thus protected against access from the outside.
Example: Users not going through the FIREWALL A firewall can only restrict connections.
fr: Coupe-feu
Hacker
noun
A person who uses computers and the Internet to access other computers and servers without having permission.
Example: Cyber Terrorists and HACKERs gain access to otherwise secure systems through carefully gathered intelligence.
fr: Pirate informatique
Integrity
noun
Ability to protect information against unintentional or inappropriate modification or deletion. Integrity is a measure of whether information is what it is supposed to be. Integrity also applies to business processes, software application logic, hardware, and people.
Example: Message Authentication Code MAC - MAC value is used to protect both INTEGRITY and authenticity.
fr: Intégrité
Malware
noun
Malicious software designed to infiltrate or damage a computer system. The most common malware are computer viruses, worms, Trojans, spyware, and adware.
Example: Protecting your Email from Viruses and Other MALWARE.
fr: Maliciel
Markup
noun
A commonly used technique where a malicious author uses malware to connect an infrastructure to another system or network, thereby bypassing the constraints imposed by the firewall on incoming traffic.
Example: Tagging methods is used to find malware on networks.
fr: Balisage
Phishing
noun
A process by which a third party attempts to solicit confidential information belonging to an individual, group or organization by spoofing or imitating a known trademark for the purpose of achieving financial gain. In this case, criminals trick users into sharing their personal information (credit card numbers, banking information or other information) in order to use it to commit fraudulent acts.
Example: It has been noticed that these kinds of PHISHING attacks were extensively executed when this Internet threat was in its infancy stage.
fr: Hameçonnage
Ransomware
noun
A type of malware that prevents any legitimate user from accessing resources (system or data) until those responsible for those resources have paid a ransom.
Example: Several schools were victims of ransomware during covid-19.
fr: Rançongiciel
Trojan horse
noun
Malware disguised as or embedded in legitimate software.
Example: Using non-certified software may infect your computer with a Trojan horse.
fr: Cheval de Troie
Virus
noun
A computer program that propagates by copying itself. Computer viruses spread from computer to computer, often without the user's knowledge, and cause damage of all kinds. They can display irritating messages, steal data, or even allow other users to take control of the infected computer.
Example: Malware, ransomware, and Trojan horse are different types of viruses.
fr: Virus
Vulnerability
noun
Defect or deficiency inherent in the design or implementation of an information system or its environment, which could be exploited to compromise the property or activities of an organization.
Example: This kind of cross-site scripting hole is also referred to as a non-persistent or reflected VULNERABILITY, and is the most common type.